Practice English Language Essay

â€Å"These days we are far more tolerant of taboo language; It no longer has the power to shock or offend. Discuss. † Why are we more accepting of taboo language today? Increased usage, social groups that use taboo language to build solidarity/exclude others. What are the social purposes of taboo language? Support group solidarity, create social distance, challenge authority, establish Identity In what situations would taboo language be shocking or offensive, and when would it be expected/tolerated?Within a social group, speaking with family or the elderly, speaking with a figure of authority. Introduction: We are more accepting of taboo language because it is used more frequently in society. Social groups use it very often to establish group solidarity, a large portion of the population use it regularly to emphasis a point or show distaste. People use it to alienate others to create social distance, or to challenge authority and thus create a self-identity. Context plays a m assive role In determining whether taboo language use Is tolerated or acceptable, and can definitely shock or offend, within certain context.Body Paragraph 1: Taboo language used to establish group solidarity or used simply to create emphasis r show distaste Taboo language can be used by an individual to show belonging to a group which uses such language, or can also be used by an individual to show that they are a part of standard society People do this to address their need to belong to a group, or also to befriend/decrease social distance between another social group Taboo language is also used in casual conversation to emphasis or show distaste. Allows people to show strong views on particular topics, which helps to develop one's identity.In appropriate circumstances, Is neither shocking nor offensive. Body Paragraph 2: Taboo language can be used to alienate/offend and also to challenge figures of authority. Taboo language used to display a contrast between individuals, or to up set/anger Done to create social distance and separation between individuals or entire social groups, become unique and noticed Taboo language can also be used to challenge figures or bodies of authority, by going against typical social conventions Done to display rebellious nature and create an identity for one's self.Deliberately shocking or offensive in these circumstances Conclusion: Taboos offensiveness Is dependent on context Taboo soul has the potential to shock/offend Taboo is tolerated more in certain contexts due to its increase in usage is becoming far more widely tolerated. Social groups use taboo language to establish group solidarity, and in wider society, taboo language is frequently used to create emphasis or to signal distaste. However, taboo language can also play a more negative role.Often, taboo language is used to attack or alienate others, in order to create social distance. It can also be employed to challenge figures of authority in order to go against social expectations, which can help to create one's identity. Independent of taboo language's particular function, whether it is accepted or not is heavily dependent on context. Taboo language still maintains its power to shock or offend, within certain context. Taboo language is used often by social groups to establish solidarity within the group, and can also be used to create emphasis or show distaste.Individuals in a social group often seek to display their belonging to such a group, so as to fulfill their need to fit in' and be ‘accepted'. Often, members of a social group will refer to each other with the assistance of taboo, in order to establish their belonging to the group. In one such example, two teenagers aboard a Melbourne train were heard to refer to each other with tags such as â€Å"dickhead† or â€Å"coco†. Through using taboo lexemes, each interlocutor showed their place in their social group, and in this case, taboo language did not serve the purpose o f shocking nor offending.In a wider perspective, individuals in society may use taboo language to show their belonging to â€Å"normal† or â€Å"average† society. Members of Australian government have on many occasions used profanity to close the social distance between themselves and ‘standard' society, such as the case of Tim Holding, Water Minister, tweeting â€Å"Can't believe I'm saying this but, no sit. â€Å". In this case, the use of taboo did not cause offense as the lexeme ‘sit' is very frequently used by members of standard society, instead, using taboo enabled the Water Minister to better convey his point of view to the public.Aside from social objectives, taboo is also used in conversation to emphasize a point being made. Teenagers most notably do this, with the use of profanity. Teenagers often emphasize negative outcomes with profanity, such as â€Å"It was bucking ridiculous†, a statement made by a Melbourne student with regard to a n exam. In all of these instances, taboo does not shock or offend people due to the function it is serving, whether that may be to establish group solidarity, to show belonging to society, or to emphasize in regular conversation.This does not mean, however, that taboo language has lost its ability to shock or cause offense. A core function of taboo language is to intentionally offend or alienate individuals. Taboo contains within it a large vocabulary of vilifying language which members of society have implemented frequently, both intentionally and unintentionally, causing offense to the recipient of the comment. Eddie McGuire has gotten himself into trouble numerous times after using taboo language that has racially vilified another person.After making a comparison between an Australian footballer of Aboriginal decent and King Kong, the FALL community was shocked by the remark, and the footballer himself, Adam Geodes, claimed to be extremely offended. This offensive form of taboo h as also been utilized by individuals who seek to challenge figures of authority in order to display their own rebellious identity. Last month in an Australian court, a person was found to be in contempt of court after swearing at a Judge SE of taboo language as it was being used to display rebellion and disregard for a legal body.It is clear that the offensiveness of taboo language is dependent on the situation in which it is used. Whether taboo is tolerated by society or considered offensive is heavily dependent on the context in which it is used. Taboo language is often accepted when it is used by participants of equal social standing in conversation, and has the increased potential to be offensive when used by participants of a differing, or high social status. Taboo is tolerated in casual, non- pacific topics of conversation due to its increase in usage over time, especially when being used merely to emphasize a point, and not to intentionally offend or alienate.Taboo language c arries its shock value with it in scenarios where taboo would not be expected; where taboo is not regularly used. Judicial settings do not warrant the use of taboo and so when it is used, it can shock society and offend the recipients of such language. Taboo language, ultimately, cannot be solely classed as either tolerable or offensive, but rather, the context in which it is used must be considered in order to determine its reception by society.

Internal and External Factors Influencing Management Essay

Two of the Toyota Production System’s philosophies are â€Å"Daily improvements† and â€Å"Good Thinking. Good Products† (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2010). Recently, Toyota has faced a mass recall. There are several external and internal factors to consider as Toyota’s management reevaluates and reformulates its four functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Factors that impact the four functions are: globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics. Managers need to use delegation to manage all functions and factors to reestablish the credibility the company. Planning is a decision making process that incorporates a cycle in which outcomes are analyzed, evaluated, and revised. More specifically, internal and external factors can impact the function of planning more often than none. When evaluating the planning with Toyota and their various recalls, the sources management needs to focus on are clearly their customer’s safety and further their satisfaction. These external sources will bring Toyota’s management back to the first function of management, which is planning. â€Å"With more than 9 million cars covered under its latest recall, Toyota’s management is certainly under the microscope. In fact, Toyota is facing both criminal and Congressional probes into its safety problem† (The Hufftington Post, 2010). With these extraordinary circumstances, Toyota’s managers must use their managerial functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. In the recalls, Toyota has had to adapt to these external factors and provide immediate changes to their normal planning. Once the planning has been established, Toyota can begin to organize, lead, and control the process of the various Toyota recalls. Their plan of alerting customers through the dealers and through the Internet is a primary example of effective management. Customers can enter the vehicle identification number on their website to immediately determine if their autos are one of the affected and can further begin processing the claim. Managers must also control the situations and the outcomes of their plans internally through analytical planning. As the auto recalls and repairs take  place, the effects of these recalls have to be analyzed internally and eventually provide management the necessary information to determine how successful their immediate planning was. External factors, such as dealerships, customers, and mechanics, will also have immediate effects on Toyota’s planning. As repairs take place, information will be sent back to the corporate managers to establish the success rate. Toyota has globalized their company and has expanded to more than 170 countries such as Japan and the United States. Globalizing Toyota impacts the four functions of management. Globalizing Toyota would have taken a tremendous amount of time and effort on management’s part. Planning needs to be in detail in which the Toyota Company wants to sell their vehicles and how much they anticipate the vehicles sell for. Management needs to organize globalization by discussing the outcomes of the sales and benefits that would be provided in the other countries they want to globalize in. Management needs to set up a meeting with other countries and dealerships to show the new idea of where to locate dealerships and provide them with the benefits packages. Leading globalization can either be easy or difficult, because the countries may have a hard time with debating if they want to use Toyota as one of their vehicles to sell. With management leading the globalization, they need to explain to the other countries that Toyota is a good vehicle, and it would be beneficial for them to sell them. Management needs to motivate the dealerships to sell the vehicles and to become top sellers. To control globalization, management needs to make sure that they provide enough information about their vehicles and their company to other countries. Without information, it would be difficult for other countries to decide on Toyota the product they want to sell to their customers. Management plans to use technology to achieve future goals. They help with designing vehicles and communicating to other facilities to make sure that everything is operating correctly. Management organizes information using technology such as the Internet so customers can see more information  regarding their vehicles and their prices. They also organize information for the employees so they can see new information which is out, such as the recall on the Toyota vehicles. Then they can tell their customers what to expect and how to handle the situation. Technology allows management to be leaders and to motivate their employees by sending congratulations e-mails to the top sales employee or by telling them what they have earned if they sell a specific amount of vehicles. Motivating employees helps keep the morale strong, and the Internet helps communicate motivational messages across different countries and departments. Controlling technology helps managers so see what quotas were met to reach the goals. Quotas will make it easier for the manager to calculate everything to be sure employees reached their goals and by how much more they need to go if they have not reached them. Management plans for innovation when they begin their projects. They need to determine what new innovation will bring them and how much it will contribute to the company. If innovation is a good idea, such as using different types of gas pedals on the vehicles, then management can put that plan into action and project how much it will cost them compared to their profits. To organize innovation, management needs to take their time to be sure Toyota products will make them money. They need to provide a blueprint to the employees stating the details of the new innovation and why it will benefit Toyota. Management can also explain the sales involved. To control innovation, management needs make sure that the production department is following instructions. Diversity impacts the four functions of management. Management’s planning might focus on the diversity found within the skills of its subcontractors in other countries. Strategic planning may include reevaluation of factories and the ultimate cost thus far of locating factories in areas for the purpose of lowering costs due to shipping. Management will focus on diversity when organizing training for its current and future employees. Weaknesses need to be identified so such organizing can be established. In Toyota’s time of crisis, management will find a number of diverse reactions from employees as many will have to be let go in the company’s time of loss. Leading the workers by motivating the remaining employees may be difficult given the diverse emotions felt by all. Diversity in controlling the situation may be found in how responsive customers are to Toyota’s efforts to rebuild a damaged reputation. The diversity found in the customers’ reactions will determine how well the company’s efforts are working on reestablishing faith in the product and whether or not management goes back to the drawing board. One of the main internal factors that affect the four functions of management for Toyota is its guiding principles. There are five main principles: always be faithful to their duties, thereby contributing to the company and to the overall good, always be studious and creative, striving to stay ahead of the times, always be practical and avoid frivolousness, always strive to build a home-like atmosphere at work that is warm and friendly, and always have respect for God, and remember to be grateful at all times (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2010). These principles install an ethical standard by which the company operates. The ethical standard of the five principles are incorporated into the â€Å"CSR POLICY: Contribution towards Sustainable Development† (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2010). The CSR is a statement about Toyota’s relationship with parties connected or with businesses involved with the corporation. These parties are listed ascustomers, employees, business partners, shareholders, global society, and local communities(Toyota Motor Corporation, 2010). Through the CSR, Toyota sets ethical standards for its corporate relationships. Until its recent crisis, Toyota was viewed as highly ethical in regard to responsibility to people and the environment. Management is morally aware of its current unsafe vehicle situation. Planning will likely incorporate the  elimination of the unsafe system and the incorporation of new safety standards and procedures. The CSR states, â€Å"Based on our philosophy of â€Å"Customer First†, we develop and provide innovative, safe and outstanding high quality products and services that meet a wide variety of customers’ demands to enrich the lives of people around the world† (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2010). Management has had to organize press conferences to explain to consumers about what was happening. Organizing such conferences shows a corporation that strives to be socially responsible to customers and their safety (Bateman & Snell, 2009). Toyota put an â€Å"ecotechnologies† division together and developed a â€Å"hybrid electric-combustion† automobile (Bateman & Snell, 2009). Management’s efforts are not all forgotten. Continuing to lead the company in offering environmentally responsible products will continue to be a goal. If ethics are implemented in the correct way, Toyota will maintain its integrity (Bateman & Snell, 2009). Management will control efforts to stabilize the company by monitoring new action plans put into effect for the resolution of the vehicle safety issues they face. Toyota has faced a mass recall. Toyota needs to consider external and internal factors such as globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, and ethics, and how those factors will affect planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Then they can begin new strategic planning to overcome their current crisis.

The Philosophy of St. Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Philosophy of St. Augustine - Essay Example As such, St. Augustine himself brought the ‘City of God’ to proposition, synthesizing conception of justice and state under Plato’s theory or that it occurs rather disposed to resemble it. Since ‘justice’ is an entity on which the ‘state’ must be founded, its presence is essential in determining how a good kingdom is like or should be. For St. Augustine, the applicability of justice in this sense may be extended to the measure of happiness for the ruler within a state or kingdom. He concretizes moreover: â€Å"For neither do we say that certain Christian emperors were therefore happy because they ruled a long time, or dying a peaceful death ... or subdued the enemies of the republic ... But we say that they are happy if they rule justly.† On a biblical context, St. Augustine claimed that rulers can satisfy being just if they are capable of delaying punishment yet are ready to pardon and if they necessitate having to employ such pun ishing act upon the government in favor of defending the republic. In ‘The Republic’, this well coincides with Plato’s argument explicating that the elements namely – reason, appetite, and spirit must consist in justice just as they must in state (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 1990). According to St. Augustine, two cities emerge out of love of self or the earthly love and love of God or the heavenly love. While the love of self is sought based on the approval of men, regardless of God’s judgment, the love of God exists in an individual who primarily seeks God’s glory despite harsh criticisms by other men. As a consequence, the earthly city is composed of nobilities and subjects that are governed by the exercise of authority where pleasing the state seems to form the sole basis and cause either of anxiety or of contentment among people. In the heavenly city, however, it is the Lord’s command that matters most for the people who fear or delight in following his will. The truth behind divine forces or the ways by which God communicates to men in the city of God may, to a certain extent, raise doubts requiring support via evidences that are less abstract than intangible conviction, Nevertheless, St. Augustine’s proposition quite matches the remarkable portion of world history when kingdoms indeed found triumph over all others because they, rulers and subjects alike, had hopes that rested highly on God’s power to vanquish the enemies. When St. Augustine further elaborates that the absence of human wisdom enables godliness and genuine worship of God in the heavenly city, such idea may be perceived to bear consistent thought and agreement with the conception of justice in state. A godly nation with a just king or emperor discerns justice that places no distinction between the rich and the poor or the strong and the weak, only between right and wrong by sensible law, for by the fundamental meaning of the term, it is intended to be carried out at times unjust situations transpire. With the city of God, this condition especially holds for the Lord is considered the supreme being so that all else under him are made equal with each other in view of justice and its righteous function as God himself exhibits no partiality in rendering proper justice on anyone through Christian faith. Much as St. Augustine distinguished between the two cities with opposing characteristics he more so argued about the two types of man

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) - Essay Example While Hughes (1998) is not entirely incorrect, he is not correct either. Certainly, as Maio (1991) argues, technology is a major determinant of a port's capacity to execute the functions and responsibilities associate with VTS and, technological limitations ultimately delimit the capacity to efficiently and effectively execute the stated responsibilities. Nevertheless, the human factor is integral as VTS is ultimately all about human-machine interaction. The qualifications of operators, thus, extends beyond the ability to work with the system and correctly interpret data output to include, more often than not, crisis management and critical decision-making under pressure. There is little room for human error (Maio, 1991). In consideration of the somewhat divergent points of view presented in the preceding paragraph, the primary aim of the present study is the analysis and articulation of VTS operator and personal qualifications, alongside a determination of the extent to which the failure to satisfy these qualifications adversely bears upon a port's capacity to execute its VTS responsibilities. Within the context of the functions of Vessel Traffic Service and the systems used for the monitoring of waterway traffic and the maintenance of safety, what characteristics and qualifications should VTS operators possess As a strategy for responding to the selected researched question and satisfying the research's articulated aim, an in-depth investigative exploration of radar technology, coastal radar systems, and the requirements of coastal radar surveillance shall be undertaken. The results of the investigation shall determine the optimal coastal radar surveillance system(s). Introduction Prior to presenting the data upon which the discussion pertaining to the research question shall be based, it is necessary to contextualize the report's focus. This shall be done through a review of the role which Vessel Traffic Service play in the promotion of waterway safety, the strategies by which vessel traffic is monitored and safety maintained, an historical analysis of its development and the articulation of its responsibilities and tasks of VTS operators. 2.1 Background The provision of traffic services is integral to the maintenance of minimum safety levels in all forms of transportation. This is especially true for vessel traffic and, more so in busy waterways. The reason as Nuutinen, Savioja and Sonninen (2005) contend lies in the fact that the mismanagement of vessel traffic in busy waterways results in both environmental and human catastrophe. Vessel traffic management, in other words, is of unique and critical importance. Further to that, it is also extremely complex and complicated, requiring a degree of data precision and

Therapy Practitioner Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Therapy Practitioner - Personal Statement Example I love this work by serving peoples, making them to knowabout the almighty. Also my love and the result of medication make the people to feel better. I do follow certain principle from others to make the mood of patient happy and also to boost their confidence level. I have a big plan to practice an eco friendly therapy and co operative therapy by getting the views from other experienced therapist. My plans as a certified happy THERAPY PRACTITIONER extend my vision so I have created a website so that many peoples will come to knowaboutme and about Angel Therapy. I ask everyone to visit my website to know about Angel Therapy. This is a science and art of reading our own mind. I would like to integrate angel work and counseling work to help them to be able to help themselves in a long run in various aspects of their lives. Ilike to do some teaching work of Angel Therapy. Anyone can visit this site and can get connect to me. After fixing the appointment through mail or phone calls visitors cancome to me for counseling to get relief from there the problems. I am sure that I can give you a best result on counseling. I have started some Angel works that are listed in my website. My website will give u a clear idea about our work. Some of the topics in our website are The above are some of the stuff that is being practiced by me. So visitmy website for more details.

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

See below - Essay Example All the three smartphones allow wireless connectivity or Wi-Fi, WAP, use Java platform and provide real time services like social networking and business related software including multimedia features along with internet based services in the phones that facilitated browsing, email services etc. Ballano (2011) had reported Android.Pjapps, a type of Trojan virus that operates in background and sends or blocks messages. The jailbroken iphones were hacked by Ikee worm (virus) that scans random IP ranges and changes wallpaper to Ricky Astley’s picture. Though, no virus is found in Blackberry devices but CBC (2006) had warned that a flaw in its system could affect TIFF files. Some proponents have stated that smartphones do not need ani-virus software. I do not agree with them mainly because all technology is vulnerable to anti-virus and other forms of malware. These are destructive software that are designed to corrupt relevant information and reduce the efficiency of the device. Like computers, smartphones also become susceptible to external threats through downloads from internet or by using external storage devices that might have viruses. Hence, constant update on the viruses becomes intrinsic part of smartphones security also. (words:

Effective use of business principles and practices Essay

Effective use of business principles and practices - Essay Example n abilities and skills that influence the leader to provide these followers with the desired resources so leaders can sucessfully conduct the task of attaining organization’s aims and objectives. One of the main tasks conducted by leaders is influence their followers to accept change inorder to implement changes in the organization as changes are very important if an organization has to prosper in its business. It is the duty of the leader to ensure that followers understand the importance of the change not only for the organization, but even for the followers themselves. The leader has to make sure that followers are ready to accept change, they do so by supplying the true picture of the change to the followers and informing them about the various advantages and disadvantages of implementing these change (Northouse, 2007). Success of a leader is determined by how well he has been able to influence its followers and whether organaizzation goals and objectives have been achieve d in the best possible

Negotiation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Negotiation plan - Essay Example (2005), sufficient preparation provide the opportunity to clearly describe the goals, recognition of core issues, understanding of parties involved and to assess the effectiveness of the strategies adopted for the negotiation. It is the successful preparation phase which ensures that delegation moves closer to the success as defined by the objectives of negotiation. Following is the preparation plan for negotiation of a Dairy Company XYZ with the employee union, the number of permanent and full time employees exceeds one hundred and all of them are members of this union. They approached the management with some demands and issues, several meetings were held and many issues were resolved but the parties still have differences on some of the crucial issues. Both the parties are eager to finalize the issues and differences in the upcoming meeting. As the leader of the delegation from the Dairy Company, I propose the following negotiation plan. Most of the issues including pay rates, classification structure, number o annual leaves, daily break for meal etc have been resolved in the previous meetings. Among five issues that require resolution in the next meeting include: The goal of the group is to achieve agreement on the three core issues including the life of the agreement, factors that will serve as basis for the increase in wages and hour’s roster. The union demands that the agreement should be for one year, wages should be increased according to the increase in the inflation and increase in the output from the beginning of the year 2011 to till date and roster hour should be set to 152 hours per four weeks cycle. The goals set by the group are to fix the agreement life for three years; wages should be increased with productivity rather than inflation and increase should be from the start of the agreement while the roaster hour should be flexible and company can change it on a notice of two days as compared to the five days demanded by the Union. The life

The Hotel Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Hotel Business - Assignment Example As the discussion stresses the hotel business is one of the booming industries today. The advent of globalization has both necessitated and attracted people to travel far geographic regions either for business, studies or leisure purposes. The demand for hotels have drastically increase with this change in lifestyle. The hotel industry has then been a very profitable venture for most businessmen. Travel catalyzes the hotel industry. And since technology has increased the possibility and ease of transportation, we predict that the hotel industry will also continue to boom. From the report it is clear that agreeing on contracts and signing becomes very fragile especially if it involves a great deal of resource and puts the integrity of the business at risk. Contract agreement can be a very sensitive issue whether it be on employment, on business links and even in some financial decisions such as investing and borrowing. People who have experience on contract agreements have something to share on how to make the process of agreeing easy and comfortable. For the hotel industry, the practical guide is the same as with the other industries. During telephone conversations and at meetings take notes of the points covered and at the end read them back to the other person to ensure there is a mutual understanding of what has been agreed† and â€Å"confirm those points in a letter as soon as possible† while also maintaining copies of all communications.... On the other hand, if both parties do not agree on non-negotiable aspects such as price, then the owner must not pursue with the deal. Preparation is also very important. This is the stage where the hotel owner can study previous contracts on similar arrangements so that adapting there will be a foundation for familiarity. This is also the stage where the owner can write down the most important points that you need on agree on (Nicholas Sharp). As to the records, Sharp and Etches give two practicals: "During telephone conversations and at meetings take notes of the points covered and at the end read them back to the other person to ensure there is a mutual understanding of what has been agreed" and "confirm those points in a letter as soon as possible" while also maintaining copies of all communications (Nicholas Sharp). When the contract is with a supplier, several things must be done before inking the contract. It would be very helpful to shop for different quotes before narrowing down your choice to a particular supplier. The contract should contain the relevant information such as "how and when payment should be made" (National Consumer Agency). During the negotiation, it is highly advised to never agree to something whether verbally or in writing when you still have some points to raise and agree on. A very straight action of saying "no" to a proposal that contains some things that you do not agree on is also a must. "Tactically, it is often better for you to prepare and send the other party the contract you want, rather than wait to get the other party's version. If you have to react to another version this

External Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

External Auditing - Essay Example External auditors have played an important role in organisation. Even in corporation which have been spending a lot of money in their internal auditing system, some have been found to be seeking for the service of external auditors. Therefore there is a question that is being raised on this emerging trend in auditing and the role that is being played by the external auditors in corporate governance. This trend of seeking the service of external auditors has grown to be an issue in corporate governance stemming from the understanding of trust that shareholders have on the board and the auditing system of the organization. In many instances, it is the board which is trusted with the everyday running of the organization and therefore it is expected that this board should be trusted even with the results of the internal auditors. But the recent trend in corporate governance has shown that there is an increased preference of external auditors as the main auditor for corporation and the internal auditors have been reduced to plying the second role in helping the external auditors in their work. ... But is has also been realized that the use of the two system helps to ensure transparency in the auditing system and probably breaks a corruption chain that could be running in the corporation. 1.3 Why is it an issue now In the recent past, corporate governance has become a yardstick in attracting investors in a corporation. With the increased openness in running of corporations corporate governance is the most important aspect which determines how the shareholders have a say in the running of the organisation. The increasing globalisation is opening investment chances in the whole world and this has prompted increased need for openness in running of the corporations. This may be the main reason why organisation have preferred to use the services of external audits in order to show the degree of openness in the running of the organisation and therefore increase the chance of attracting more investors into the organization. 1.4 What could this research shed light on This research could give important information of the importance of using the service of the external auditors and the internal auditors in order to increase the level of transparency in the running of the organization. The research will shed light on the increased role that is being played by external auditors in corporate governance. Therefore it could explain the reason for increased preference of the service of external auditors in organizations. 2. Background The published financial statements have become an important tool for investors to make decision whether they are going to invest in an organization or not. The published financial statements are not only important to investors but also to creditors and other stakeholders who are interested in a corporation. They are important as

Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies Essay William Golding, the Nobel Prize winning author is probably best known for his novel Lord of The Flies. The story tells about how a group boys are stranded in an island in the pacific after the plane they were on was shot down. The boys attempt to recreate the culture they left behind through democracy and election but slowly the boys are lured from civility and rational thought to primeval tribalism. William Golding uses many ways to describe this change in the boys in an interesting way that will manage to keep the audience engaged. He uses many literary devices to achieve this result, one of them is symbols. An example of a symbol used frequently in the Lord of The Flies is weather. William Golding uses the elements of weather effectively in Lord of The Flies to symbolize a kind of universal assessment of the actions, making the novel more interesting, and representing the inner feelings of the characters. Golding manages to use elements of weather effectively to symbolize a kind of universal assessment of the action and dramatic events in the novel. Elements of weather are used to represent the action that is taking place and to also foreshadow future events. For example, Golding uses weather to slowly hint or indicate Simons death. This is visible in the statement There was a blink of bright light beyond the forest and the thunder exploded again so that a littlun started to whine. Big drops of rain fell among them making individual sounds where they struck (Golding, 186). By reading this, readers can feel that the atmosphere and mood has changed for the worse. When Ralph says, Going to be a storm and youll have rain like when we dropped here, Golding is trying to indicate to us that something big is about to take place later in the novel. Besides that, after Simon dies there heavy rain; The water bounded from the mountain-top, tore leaves and branches from the trees, poured like a cold shower over the struggling heap on the sand. (Golding, 188). So the rain is used here to represent the sadness caused by Simons death as he was a victim of the savage actions of the hunters. This part makes the readers feel sorry for Simon but the readers also know that Simon couldnt do anything to fight back. Golding doesnt present the sadness of Simons death directly but instead chooses to use weather to present it to the readers. In a nutshell, the elements of weather are used at the right place and at the right time, making the action and dramatic events in the  novel much more intense. William Golding also uses the elements of weather to make the story more attractive and to create a more gripping atmosphere. Golding manages to use the weather to portray some situations with a mysterious and serious air. Golding also uses weather to make the readers feel as though they are at that particular scene and can experience the weather at that time. This is done to create intense emotions in the reader. During Simons death Golding uses the weather to complement the Lord of The Flies as being omens for something evil that is about to happen. Phrases like Colours drained from water and trees and the pink surfaces of the rock, and the white and brown clouds brooded (Golding, 176) show that something bad is about to happen and creates an ill mood and also in a way makes readers more anxious as to actually what is the evil event that is going to happen. The line The blue white-scar was constant, the noise unendurable (Golding, 188) makes the reader nervous of the uncertain weat her. This also helps to create interest in the reader who will want to know whether there is a relation between the terrible weather and events that are to come. Golding realises the power of weather to explain a situation or to signify something. In the past the ancients believed in the power of weather to influence our lives. For example, they believed in rain gods and sometimes performed rituals to ensure that there was sufficient rain. Weather also can have an impact on peoples moods. For example sunny weather makes people hopeful and happy as opposed to cloudy days which create depression. All of this shows how weather has the ability to influence a person and William Golding realising this has used weather to create interest in readers and thus has made the novel more interesting. Besides that, William Golding has managed to use elements of weather successfully in the novel The Lord of The Flies to portray the inner feelings of the characters in the novel. He uses different types of weather to portray or symbolize different moods or emotions that the characters are feeling at that particular moment or period. Cloudy and dark skies are used to create an ominous mood that symbolizes that something bad is about to happen. This causes reader to feel apprehensive about future events.  Meanwhile, rain and thunderstorms are used to symbolize fear and frenzy. This element is sometimes used by Golding in place of words between characters to portray frantic activity that is taking place. Hope is also symbolized in different ways such as the sun appearing after rain and the coming of peaceful dusk. Among the examples Golding uses to symbolize hope in the boys can be found in the beginning of chapter 1. The statement The undergrowth of the side of the scar was shaken an d a multitude of raindrops fell pattering (Golding, 1) is used to symbolize hope within the boys because the way the rain stops and how the sun has come out resembles a new beginning for the boys to look forward to. Another example of hope in the boys can be found at the end of chapter 3. The statement Now the sunlight had lifted clear from the open space and withdrawn from the sky (Golding, 60) clearly illustrates how Simon feels hope that he will be at peace with nature. This is signified by cool, calm darkness setting on the jungle and the opening of the candle buds and flowers. Golding also uses weather to create a mood of gloom and impending evil. An example of this is the statement Over the island the build-up of clouds continued (Golding, 163). This creates an ominous mood among Piggy and Ralph symbolized by the large clouds covering the sky signalling that it was going to rain. Besides that, Golding also manages to use rain and thunderstorms to symbolize frenzy and fear. An example of this can be found in the statement The dark sky was shattered by a blue-white scar (Golding, 171). The element of lightning and thunder here symbolizes how the boys are increasing scared and in a frenzy as they dance and chant. Besides Goldings examples in The Lord of The Flies, elements of weather are also used in movies regardless of language. For example lightning is sometimes portrayed in movies when the characters suddenly realize something or when a dramatic event has taken place. In conclusion, elements of weather are a great way to symbolize the inner feelings of characters and William Golding has used them to great effect in his novel. In conclusion, the power of weather as a symbol cannot be underestimated. Elements of weather have the ability to portray characters emotions, foreshadow future events and to also catch and hold readers attention. Golding, realising the importance of weather as a symbol has used it  consistently throughout the book. All major events have been related to elements of weather successfully. As a result, Golding has managed to make the readers feel what he intended them to feel. So in brief, Goldings usage of the elements of weather in the Lord of the Flies has symbolized a universal assessment of the action, has made the novel more interesting and has represented the inner feelings of the characters. Work Cited: Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. educational edition. Great Britain: Faber and Faber Limited, 1996.

The Cahokian civilization Essay Example for Free

The Cahokian civilization Essay The Cahokian civilization, one of the largest Native American tribes, was indigenous to the Midwest. Cahokia is also known as â€Å"the city history forgot.† This complex and sophisticated society challenges the stereotypical beliefs of Native American as being primitive, ignorant savages. The Cahokian civilization provides the basis for political, economic, and social developments that â€Å"changed the course of human history.† ( Timothy Pauketat) After reading Timothy Pauketat’s insightful essay, â€Å" Cahokia: A Pre-Columbian American City†, I was intrigued by the Cahokia’s people and culture. This society quickly evolved from a village to an elaborate city. The Cahokian complex architectural aspects included better homes, pyramids and plazas. Through expansion, their beliefs and customs were diffused into other civilizations. Due to warfare, many complex advancements were designed to protect the central city. An elaborate 15, 000 log wall was built to defend their city. The advanced Cahokian society was developed prior to any European interaction. Having known very little about such a complex and elaborate civilization, I was intrigued by many of the Cahokian developments and beliefs. Their centralized authority, the nature and the extent of their influence over vast areas, are aspects of many other European civilizations. This essay challenged many of my prior ideas and beliefs about the Native Americans. The city planning and the organization of the city of Cahokia resembled the city of ancient Rome. The Cahokian civilization used the method of Cahokianization to expand and spread their ideologies throughout their territory. Similarly, the ancient Romans used the method of Romanization to expand and spread their empire. Both societies developed and utilized similar military tactics and strategies. Under the rule of Constantine I, the Romans built a wall to protect their city from invaders, the Cahokians built a wall made of logs for protection. These two distant civilizations demonstrated similar ideologies and strategies. I have gained more insight and knowledge after reading Timothy Pauketat’s essay on the intricate city of Cahokia. It is puzzling that such a complex society that had lasted for about 250 years just vanished. Many archeologists have different ideas on the collapse and disappearance of Cahokia. It is incomprehensible that such an elaborate society vanished and is forgotten in many history books. The civilization of Cahokia was advanced, complex and sophisticated. This innovative tribe challenges the European ideologies of viewing Native Americans as primitive and ignorant. This civilization provided the economic, social and political standards that was implemented in other civilizations.

Contemporary relevance of Porter’s Five Forces to corporate strategy

Contemporary relevance of Porter’s Five Forces to corporate strategy Introduction Porters Five Forces introduced back in 1979 by Michael E. Porter from Harvard University in his first book Competitive Strategy. It becomes international best seller, and considered by many to be a definitive work on corporate strategy. The book itself had been published in nineteen languages and re-printed almost sixty times, changes the way business leaders thought and remains a guide of choice for strategic managers the world over. It has become an important tool for analyzing an industry structure and strategy process [Morrison M., 2008]. Porters work has had a greater influence on business strategy than any other theory in the last half of the twentieth century [referenceforbusiness.com]. The tool provides a simple perspective for assessing the position and competitiveness of a corporation or business organization within the industry. Porter points out five forces which the upturn and downturn, will affect the profitability and existence for a corporation or business organizatio n. Business leaders and managers might be interested in this paper for the purpose of this paper is to discuss the contemporary relevance of Porters Five Forces to corporate strategy. An attempt also being made to find what is missing from this model related to corporate strategy in current business environment. In so doing, a comparison will be made between Porters Five Forces and another tool for corporate strategy. Another assessment made concerning the business environment in Porters era and current business environment. Porters Five Forceshttp://wiki.telfer.uottawa.ca/ci-wiki/images/e/e4/Porters.gif The development of this framework is based on the idea of attractiveness of an industry. As for the attractiveness itself, is determined by the profitability within the industry. More profit means the industry is more attractive and low profitability means a low attractive industry. The way of thinking in the model is to achieve a better competitive position against other players. The competitive advantages developed from strengthening the own position within this Five Forces. The Five Forces framework is based on microeconomics. It considers supply and demand, substitutes and complementary product, and the relationship between production volume and cost of production; also the market structures such as monopoly, oligopoly, or perfect competition. Threat of new entry The chances in which new competitors can enter the market and drive the current players price down. The threat to entry depends on six major forces of barriers which Porters describes as: economics of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, cost disadvantages independent of size, access to distribution channel, and government policy. The decision of the new-comer also pretty much influenced by their expectation on the existing player. If the incumbents known for previously fought vigorously to new entrants, or possess such substantial resources to fight back (such as excess cash, unused borrowing power, available productive capacity, or clout with distribution channel and customers), the new entrants will likely to have second thought on entering the market. This also happened if they know that the incumbents seem likely to cut the prices. New entrants fear more also when the industry growth is so slow so that newcomers can gain volume only if they take it from the incu mbents. Bargaining power of supplier Another force Porter mention in the model is how powerful the supplier to drive up the prices of is corporate input. The term supplier includes all sources of input that are needed to provide the product. A supplier of group is powerful when it is dominated by few companies and more concentrated than the industry it sells to. The products are also differentiated or unique means relatively no substitutes for the particular input so that it built up the switching cost. The power of supplier also increase when there is a possibility for the supplier for integrating forwards in order to obtain high prices or so. Also when the industry is not an important customer of the supplier group or when it is not obliged to contend with other products for sale to the industry. Bargaining power of customer Similarly, bargaining power of customer settle on how powerful is the customer can impose pressure on margins and demands. Buyer are powerful if it is purchase in large volumes and/or the product it purchases is standard or undifferentiated, means they can always find alternative suppliers. Customer will also become more powerful if the products it purchases from the industry form a component of its product and represent an significant fraction of its cost, in other words, the customer become more price sensitive. Furthermore when they know that the company earns low profits, which create great incentives to lower its purchasing cost; and when the industrys product is unimportant to the quality of the buyers product or services, then the bargaining of customer increase. More threat comes from the possibility of the customer to integrating backward and has the ability to produce the product themselves. Another factor mentioned by Porter is that customer will be more prices sensitive w hen they recognize that the industrys product does not save the buyer money. He gave an example of logging of oil wells, where an accurate survey can save thousands of dollars in drilling costs, therefore affect the market price. Substitute products The extent of which substitute product can be used in place of one product. Porter highlighted the characteristics of substitute products that deserve the most attention as those products that are subjects to trends improving their price-performance trade-off with the industry product or are produced by industries earning high profit. Porter also said that substitutes come into play when the competition within industry increases which lead to price reduction or performance improvement. Jockeying among competitor for position within industry This factor describes the strength or the intensity of competitiveness among the existing players within the industry. High rivalry limits the profitability of an industry. Factors that shape the intense rivalry in a industry are: (a) payers are roughly equal in size and power (b) the growth of the industry is slow, precipitating fights for market share (c) lacks of differentiation and switching cost of the products (d) strong willingness to cut the price either because the fixed cost are high or the product is perishable (e) high barriers to exit the industry (f) capacity is normally augmented in large increments, and (g) diversity of strategies, origins, and personalities of the rivals. Other than the intensity, the dimension basis in which the rivalry takes place also reflects the strength of the rivalry such as price, products features, support service, delivery time, and brand image. Whether the competition takes place in the same dimension, or the rivals converge to compete on same dimensions. Strategy Crafting What do you want to achieve or avoid? The answers to this question are objectives. How will you go about achieving your desire results? The answer to this you can call  strategy. William E Rothschild, Former General Electric Corporate Strategist, CEO of  Rothschild Strategies Unlimited LLC Corporate strategy is about how a firm or business organization should make a decision of series of steps to achieve the desired goal. To create the best decision, the decision maker must be able to analyze the current and expected factors associated with internal as well as external environment. With strategy, one company can be more prepared and comfortable to operate on the market, because good strategy should have examined all the forces involved in business activities. Strategy planning can be developed in three levels, which are: company level, business unit level, and functional or departmental level [Morrison M., 2008]. Corporate strategy Æ’Â ¨ concerned with overall purpose and scope of the business to meet stakeholder expectations. This level of strategy concerned with the selection of business in which the company should compete and with the development and coordination of the portfolio of business. This is a crucial level since it is heavily influenced by the investors in the business and acts to guide strategic decision making throughout the business. Corporate strategy is often stated explicitly in a mission statement along with the formulation of visions and goals. It also decide on how business unit to be governed; through direct corporate intervention (centralization) or through autonomous government (decentralization). Corporate strategy also seeks to developed synergies across the business units. Business Unit StrategyÆ’Â ¨ is concerned more with how a business competes successfully in a particular market. It concerns strategic decision about choice of products, meeting needs of customer, gaining advantage over competitors, exploiting or creating new opportunities or market, etc. The strategic issues is about developing and sustaining a competitive advantage for the product and service that are produced. Functional or Departmental Strategy Æ’Â ¨ the strategy level of the operating divisions. It is concerned with how each part of the business is organized to deliver the corporate and business unit level strategic directions. The functional units translate them into discrete action plans that each division must accomplished for the strategy to succeed. Operational strategy therefore focuses on issues of resources, processes, people, etc. Functional units involved in higher level strategies by providing input into the business unit level and corporate level strategy, such as providing information on customer feedback. Business environment in current era Current business environment much likely to be characterized by more dynamic market situation. The digitalization and globalization contribute to this dynamic movement. The power of information technology (IT) grows more and more each day. And as it grows, all players in the market can have access to more information. The world is flat, globalization made great improvement in distribution of logistics and communication, enable all business to operate globally. Meanwhile, the customers have the chance to shop also on a global level, and compare the prices globally. The trends and demand now changed as the increased commoditization in so many areas. Companies now must be able to differentiate themselves by give more value for their products. One way to do that is by improving customer experience, through the improvement in the service area. Customers now want individual service and attention, and have high expectations for the goods and services they buy. Other tools for corporate strategy David P. Baron nonmarket approach: 4Is Business environment consist of market and nonmarket environment. An effective corporate strategy must be able to facilitate both market and non-market goals of the company. In relation to this, Baron introduced his 4Is, with emphasis on non-market environment. This framework together with Porters Five Forces formed the integrated strategies. The nonmarket environments are social, political, and legal setting that affects the interaction of the corporation outside and in conjunction with, the market environment. Barons define the characteristics as four Is. The first is Issues, of what nonmarket strategies address. Issues in nonmarket environment cover the regulations, proposed laws, court judgments, etc. Second is set of relevant institutions for the particular industry. Regulators or government is usually always become the relevant official body that affect a corporation decision making process. NGOs are also another example of institutions. Interests are individuals and groups with preferences about the industry. Baron includes this factor to address the identity and goals of those with a stake in the issue. Also information concerning with what the interested parties know or believe about the relation between actions and consequences and about the preferences and capabilities of the interested parties. This factor let us to think, what info needed to reach the goal? what is persuasive for the other parties? Prejudices, rumors, state reports, almost all public relations stuff is included in this factor. SWOT model Æ’Â ¨ covering external and internal forces Another tools being used for corporate strategy is SWOT. SWOT models addressing the internal and external forces. The Strength defines what characteristics impose by a company that can be used to keep hold on the market or even expand it. Weakness is really the opposite, this factors is any kind of lack the company has that can affect its existence in a bad way. Both strength and weakness is internal factors. Meanwhile, the external factor is covered by the Opportunity and Threat. Opportunity discuss about all issues or current condition of the environment that can give a better chance for the company to improve the operation. The threat talks about all threatening situation from the environment in which the company operates. More of this are, opportunity and threat, be explored more in Porters Five Forces model. Contemporary relevance between Porters Five Forces and corporate strategy Any organization, especially ones dealing with corporation or business environment realize that their success depend on both internal and external factors. With his Five Forces, Porter tries to emphasis on the most important or most influencing forces to the business profitability and existence. The competitors, the new entrants, new substitute, also the bargaining power of both supplier and buyer covered most aspects of a business activity. Indeed, Porters Five Model focuses heavily in competitive strategy, which is essential. To be specific, the Five Forces, mentioning competition, are related more to analysis of external forces from the market environment of the strategy. Of course, all business organization will always seek the best way to maximize corporate profit and determining the attractiveness of an industry. This is a need that will always be in managers mind in every industry, from every era. Therefore, through his model, Porters tries to give a framework that can help the decision maker to create a strategy where enable the company to stay in the market, defend their current position, and even grow the market size. It supports the decisions about to enter or to exit from an industry or market. As a business leader, it is important to understand the competition in the industry. The model can be used to compare the impact of one competitive force on our own company and to the impact on the competitors. With the knowledge of power and intensity of competitive forces, the strategy can be developed in way that gives the company options to influence the forces to improve their own position, such as new positioning or differentiation of product. It also gives the details on how to prevent the new entrants. Not only new entrants, the strategy should be able to cope with the substitute product that is getting more and more accessible now for the customer. Bargaining power of supplier and buyer is more relevant to supply and demand. It is essential to know which side of supply and demand equation our business is referring to. The framework tells us how profitability can be affected, in good way and in bad way from the context of industry rivalry and competition. It creates to positi on the firm to leverage its strengths and defend against the unfavorable effects from the five forces. Generally speaking, the model talked about the profitability and survival of a company. Referring to the definition of corporate strategy, Porters Five Forces seems irrelevant. Corporate strategy designs the grand strategy for the company grand purpose. And almost no company has a mission statement for to be the most profitable or so. Most company longing for sustainability; to be able to hold on success for a long term period. They achieve this by creating more value through their business, managing portfolio business, and developing business units; things that we dont learned through Porters Five Forces. Profitability is just one way to get to the grand purpose. That is the reason why, for the grandiose strategy of a company, to be based on only Porters that is focus on profitability, is unadvisable. The strategy such as focus and differentiation for competitiveness can be implemented at business unit level strategy to create competitive advantage. It may be relevant in corporate l evel as for the interest of stakeholder, indirectly. When the business unit strategy is achieved the desired goal, which most likely to be more profit, this is also will considered as favorable by the investors. Corporate strategy also concerned about the development and coordination of portfolio of business. The complexity that portfolio has cannot be found in the Porters model. Multi-variance product, multi-company in different industries, all this density of current market environment made Porters Five Forces become less practical. Other relevance is the dimension of competition. It is something that decided at the corporate level. Porters mentioning that based on the competitive advantages, we must choose the dimension of competition and it is best to create a battle field in that dimension, not in other dimension. This is about knowing our company competitive advantages and where to compete and win over the rivalry. What others are missing? Porters Five Forces did not describing the other external factor like regulator and social environment of the company. Porters Five Forces made based on the economic situation on the eighties. During early eighties, the economic situation is more stable and predictable development in industries compared to today dynamics. It is also characterized by cyclical growth and also by strong competition [D. Recklies, website]. Thus, in Porters era, the main objectives of many business organization or corporation are profitability and survival. Porters model focuses on analysis of the actual situation of companys customers, supplier, and competitor; and predictable development from new entrants as well as substitutes. Global and networked markets, as mentioned previously, force the business players to think more in the corporate strategies. Now, it is not enough to only position oneself as a price-leader or quality leader. Competitive advantages now comes from the ability of the company to de velop a way to maintain the relationship with more mobile customer and also to manage the networks that could be located in other part of the world. Porters Five Forces treats customer and supplier as third parties, which they no longer are. Corporate, suppliers, and customer now have extended relationship. And how this relationship managed is not less important than competitive advantages, because it creates values which harder to obtained and maintained than profits. This side of Porters Five Forces, lack of value-adding analysis made Porters Five Forces is less applicable in corporate strategy. In addition to that, in spite of always strengthening position within the industry with competitive advantages to compete against the competitor, co-operation with competitor by mergers and acquisition is also one way to maintain the existence and survival of a business organization. Hence, this model cannot keep up with dynamic situation in the current business environment. Globalization and digitalization Porters did not include how technology developed and that it is a strong force on competitiveness. Whereas, Porter did not explicitly mention it as a force, but it IS there. New entrant and new substitutes could mean that the competitor could have innovations background. New machines can affect the bargaining power of supplier too, in example. Not to mention how information spread unbelievably fast, and wide, around the internet. Experts coined the term of internet economy for this decades in which internet have been so embedded in everyday life. Various e-business applications have strongly influenced almost all industries. The development of the information system gives new opportunity for players from outside industry to chance the basis of competition in a market. Porter did not mention how technology will affect the competitiveness. The difference is that on Porters era, technology is something more like a tool to implement the change. But now, with its more rapid growth compare to eighties, technology has become a most important driver to a change. Non-market environment Needless to say, nonmarket environment, as brought up by Baron, also one important forces that must be considered in crafting the strategy. Any kind of corporation or business organization must dealing with social, politics, and legal arrangement, directly and indirectly. Of course, Baron extended work from Porters Five Forces expected to be able to give the best model to develop the so-called integrated strategy. Dynamic market structure Porters model assumes relatively static market structure. Yet, todays market is far from static. Dynamic market entrants, supported by more technological breakthrough, may change the entry barriers, the business model within short time. The model also assumes that all companies always try to get competitive advantages and win over other player in the industry. The dynamic market structure have new way of thinking of survival than to compete and kill each other. It is designed to analyze individual business performance. It is not considers strategies such as synergies and strategic alliances (mergers, acquisition), electronic linking of information system of all companies along a value chain, virtual enterprise-networks or others [D. Recklies]. This model also cannot assist the more complex structures of industries. The analysis cannot cope with multiple group products, by-products, and segments. And narrowing the focus only in one industry is too risky in todays corporate strategy. T his model also not yet considering that sometimes it may be possible to create new market than compete in the existing market. Nevertheless, later in his paper on 2008, he includes how technology is one factor that can greatly affect competitiveness and rivalry in an industry. Not only had that, he also included other factors such as government and complementary product that can affect the companys profitability. In this paper, he also mentioned how a change in industry structure shifts each of the five forces. In general, Porters Five Model has some limitation in todays market environment application and on its relevance with corporate strategy. In relation to corporate strategy, Porters model might be a little help for defining in which dimension or market out company wants to operate, although this dimension might be converted again once the strategy derived to business unit level. However, with all the lack Porters Five Forces had, the model is not completely obsolete to current business. Porters is an economist, so the model is basically the simple way of how he describes the microeconomics. He describes the attractiveness of the industry that is influenced by the five forces. This is also explains why the model always repeat and focusing more in profitability; for economics talks about profit maximization. Even now, business still operates in five forces framework describes by Porter. The model enable the decision maker, the managers, to think about the environment surrounding their i ndustries in a structured way, easy-to-understand way as a starting point for further analysis. Conclusion In summary, while Porters Five Forces seems less reliable concerning the current competitiveness in the industry (in terms of technology or innovations involvement), it is still manage to help strategic focus of the company in profitability and survival within the industry. The models assist more in business unit level strategy and less applicable in corporate strategy level. Corporate level strategy talks more about value which we hardly find in the Five Forces. Yet, indirectly the success in business unit level strategy supports the achievement of corporate strategy. Porters Five Forces is still relevant to current strategy planning, yet today business players must considered more things such as the growth of globalization and technology and how it will affect the other factors, if not creating its own forces. The tremendous growth of technology nowadays cant be separated in any aspects of life, and that including corporate strategy. However it might be, technology leads to innovation which will influence the every step a company have to defend its market and even expand its market. Certainly, a corporate strategy should not be carelessly made without take note of the non-market environment. In addition to that, examination on the nonmarket environment also should be conducted to support the strategy on market environment of a company. Another kind of analysis also may be needed to examine the dynamic state of markets. Porters framework becomes one of the tools in developing a strategy, maybe as a starting point, but not the most important or the only model being used. A good strategy never should use only one or few model as a basis.

Vacation Gone Awry Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples

I lay asleep in the car crammed between my brother and my sister; I open my eyes just in time to see a sign with half of the lights burnt out that read "State Bridge, Resort, Saloon, Restaurant, and Lodging." By the looks of the sign, I had a feeling that this place was going to be a dump. The word "resort" led me to believe it wasn't that bad. The thought I always kept in the back of my mind was what a Hawke family "vacation" was. We would always spend the least amount of money as we could, and we would leave as soon as possible. This, to my dad, was the greatest vacation. My dad had this great last minute idea of going to his sister's house in Steamboat Springs for Christmas. My family is known for last minute planning. We started planning this the day before we wanted to leave. Things never go according to plan, and we ended up leaving that very same day because there was supposed to be a huge snowstorm the next morning. So, at six that night, we all piled into our 1982, Dodge minivan. Of course, my dad made my mom drive because he hates to drive at night or driving period. He always says to my mom "Honey, if you get tired just wake me up and I'll drive." On long trips, he always falls asleep and it is quite difficult to wake him up when he is snoring. My mom always ends up driving the entire way. After driving for what seemed like an eternity, my mom decided it was time to settle into a hotel because she was getting tired, hungry, and cranky. We saw a number of hotels but every hotel that we passed showed a "no vacancy" sign. The first actual stop we made was in Eagle. As soon as the car came to a stop, my brother and my dad awoke, and of course, the bickering began because we were all cranky. My brother had been taki... ...od?" Sarcastically my mom replied, "What do you think?" "I slept good, I didn't even wake up once," my dad answered. "You didn't hear all the trains going by last night?" my mom asked. My dad replied "Nope, I didn't hear a thing." I took my spot in the crammed back seat, and I couldn't believe what had happened in that endless night. As we drove away, I hoped that we would never return to that dreadful place again. Before the vacation was even over, the Hawke family vacation goal was a success. We managed to spend only $25, and we were to start home the next day. To my dad this was a fun filled vacation, but to the rest of us, it was the most dreadful time we had ever had. Still crammed between my brother and sister, I couldn't stop thinking of our awful experience. I could only hope that our final destination would better than the previous encounter. Vacation Gone Awry Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examples I lay asleep in the car crammed between my brother and my sister; I open my eyes just in time to see a sign with half of the lights burnt out that read "State Bridge, Resort, Saloon, Restaurant, and Lodging." By the looks of the sign, I had a feeling that this place was going to be a dump. The word "resort" led me to believe it wasn't that bad. The thought I always kept in the back of my mind was what a Hawke family "vacation" was. We would always spend the least amount of money as we could, and we would leave as soon as possible. This, to my dad, was the greatest vacation. My dad had this great last minute idea of going to his sister's house in Steamboat Springs for Christmas. My family is known for last minute planning. We started planning this the day before we wanted to leave. Things never go according to plan, and we ended up leaving that very same day because there was supposed to be a huge snowstorm the next morning. So, at six that night, we all piled into our 1982, Dodge minivan. Of course, my dad made my mom drive because he hates to drive at night or driving period. He always says to my mom "Honey, if you get tired just wake me up and I'll drive." On long trips, he always falls asleep and it is quite difficult to wake him up when he is snoring. My mom always ends up driving the entire way. After driving for what seemed like an eternity, my mom decided it was time to settle into a hotel because she was getting tired, hungry, and cranky. We saw a number of hotels but every hotel that we passed showed a "no vacancy" sign. The first actual stop we made was in Eagle. As soon as the car came to a stop, my brother and my dad awoke, and of course, the bickering began because we were all cranky. My brother had been taki... ...od?" Sarcastically my mom replied, "What do you think?" "I slept good, I didn't even wake up once," my dad answered. "You didn't hear all the trains going by last night?" my mom asked. My dad replied "Nope, I didn't hear a thing." I took my spot in the crammed back seat, and I couldn't believe what had happened in that endless night. As we drove away, I hoped that we would never return to that dreadful place again. Before the vacation was even over, the Hawke family vacation goal was a success. We managed to spend only $25, and we were to start home the next day. To my dad this was a fun filled vacation, but to the rest of us, it was the most dreadful time we had ever had. Still crammed between my brother and sister, I couldn't stop thinking of our awful experience. I could only hope that our final destination would better than the previous encounter.

The Things They Carried :: essays research papers

In the novel The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien the author tells about his experiences in the Vietnam war by telling various war stories. The quote, "It has been said of war that it is a world where the past has a strong grip on the present, where machines seemed sometimes to have more will power than me, where nice boys (girls) were attracted to them, where bodies ruptured and burned and stand, where the evil thing trying to kill you could look disconnecting human and where except in your imagination it was impossible to be heroic." relates to each of his stories. The first part of the quote matches with the first story, The Things They Carried. The story told about the items that each soldier took with them to the war. The quote says that the past has a strong grip on the present. The items that the soldiers have with them remind them of there past. Sometimes the soldiers have to let go of something they have because of certain conditions. For example Jimmy Cross had a good luck from his girlfriend Martha, it was a pebble that was from the Jersey shoreline. She sent it to him because it reminded her of how they are "together but separate". Jimmy took this everywhere during the war and kept it in his mouth. When one of his friends got killed during action he got rid of the pebble because he thought it was a distraction. The second part of the quote, which says, "Where machines seemed sometimes to have more will power than me" Relates to the story "The Man I Killed". In this story the author talks about the man he killed. He starts out by describing the dead person then he starts to regret it. The quote states than in war a machine, which could be a gun, sometimes has more power than a person does. The author noticed this after he killed the enemy soldier, he noticed that it was the gun that killed the person and not him. This made him feel better after a while, but never forgot about the person he killed. The war story named "Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong" relates to the third part of the quote, which says "where nice boys (girls) were attracted to them". The story was about a girl that was changed dramatically by the Vietnam War.

Vocational and Technical Teachers in Malaysia Essay -- Education, Co

An issue arises whether the teachers in this country are ready to face and handle the challenges due to the birth of technology especially ICT in and out of school and due to the fact that the latest technology has acquired unique characteristics with lack of appropriate professional development, for these reasons it is necessary for teachers to be ready in terms of their knowledge, skills and also attitude in order to fully exploit the advantages in ICT (Rosnaini Mahmud, 2006). According to Ely (1995) the stress should not be on the technology itself but more on the teachers who will decide on the purpose in using the technology, how it is utilized and evaluates the effect of its use. Nowadays there are a lot of ICT facilities and tools provided in the school however the optimum use is very much relied on the teacher factor (Demirbilek, 2009). Due to the rapid changes and growths in the use of the computer during the past decades had an impact on the educational system, the technical and vocational teacher development becomes an important component to help the students to provide them the necessary skills to use it in the world of work (Maclean and Ordonez, 2007). As the computer technologies are experiencing brisk growth, they bear the potential to outreach vocational education to more learners in better ways, and in improving teaching effectiveness, it is best that vocational and technical teachers are stimulated to take part in professional development activities in order to familiarize them with the uses of computer technology (Buntat et al., 2010). Moreover, vocational teachers should be equipped with the knowledge to use new technologies as these technologies are constantly changing and have the knack to affect... ...cational schools to describe the factors which contribute the ICT integration among the technical and vocational teachers and the relationships between these factors. Integration of ICT into the classroom is a dynamic process that is connected with various factors and its success does not depend entirely on existence or non-existence of these factors (Afshari et al, 2009). These factors may be demographic characteristics for the teachers such as (Age, gender, and teaching experience), Educational background such as (type of training and level of qualification), supporting factors such as (ICT availability and administrative support) and readiness variables (knowledge, skills, and attitudes). The study will describe the teachers’ knowledge level and skills which used to be specifically for teachers teach engineering subjects in technical and vocational schools.

Peace On Earth Essay

Peace is something that many of us hope for on Earth. It is something that many people work for, strive for and die for. But is it possible? Is it possible to unite the countries of the world and live in peace and harmony? Is it possible to unify religions, cultures, and races to ultimately achieve, what many beauty pageant contestants, call, â€Å"World Peace†? Good evening adjudicators and fellow students. Peace is defined as â€Å"a state of mutual harmony between people or groups†. This statement tells us that Peace on Earth is something that cannot be kept by force, it can only be achieved by mutual understanding among people. There are many different ways to reflect on the word ‘peace’. I always thought of peace as a state of which our world got along, one country to another. I also thought of peace as a state of calmness between people where fighting or disagreement does not exist. I feel that today the pen is mightier than the sword; and many treati es and negotiations have ended wars because people are willing to sit down and discuss their issues. However, I believe in our lifetimes, the entire world will not be completely at peace, since there are so many different opinions between world leaders. Peace in the world starts with each and every one of us. It is a blossoming flower whose quintessence can be felt by each and every soul. As I find my own inner peace, I spread that into the world outside of myself. After all, â€Å"Peace comes from within. Do not seek without it† as The Buddha once said. So from our own inner peace, we therefore become messengers of peace among the people with who we interact with. So from our small group of family and friends, to casual acquaintances, to our various communities. As those communities become more peaceful, then cities and states become more peaceful. As cities and states become more peaceful, nations become more peaceful. As nations become more peaceful, the world becomes more peaceful. And this whole snowball effect, begins with our own search for inner peace. Thus we each ne ed to plant the seeds of kindness and peace in the world, one thought at a time, one decision at a time, one act at a time, and one day at a time. The United Nations is an organisation born to save the world from the scourge of war. After the Cold war, fought between USA and USSR, the world was plagued with conflict, and peace had been lost on earth. The United Nations was an instrument to regain and maintain peace and harmony on earth. Today, the United Nations plays an important role (directly or indirectly) in shaping  the events of the world to promote harmony, the protection of human rights and peace on Earth. In the words of Ronald Regan, â€Å"Peace is not absence of conflict, it is the ability to handle conflict by peaceful means.† Even recently the United Nations has used its power to try settle ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, by calling an immediate and comprehensive ceasefire. This temporary truce has been enforced since the 12th of February this, however conflict still remains in the region. This fragile true has allowed vital humanitarian efforts by the UN to increase, to the victims. With the death toll set to soar over the already, staggering number of 5700, this ceasefire has given hope to thousands of innocent people, caught in the crossfire. Our power of love has been completely replaced by our love for power. I feel that this conveys the idea that, depending on life’s challenges, peace is truly hard to achieve at all times. The fragile condition of our earth; bloodsheds, and terrorism, are threatening the very foundations of world peace. The things we could do if some nations could put an end to their power hunger, and plundering of neighbouring countries to expand their territories. Take the likes of Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi. These are all glittering examples of patriots who sacrificed their lives for peace in their country. In Summation, Peace on Earth is the mother of progress. Without it, a nation, let alone a world cannot make any progress. For peace is a blossoming flower, growing in each and every one of us. Also, our power of love has been completely replaced by our love for power. However, I think we can change this, correction I know we can change this. Nevertheless some believe that human nature ultimately prevents world peace. What do I think about world peace? I think there is indeed no such way to peace, rather peace is the way to make a better world.

Effects On Prisons On Inmates Essay

In the premodern periods, societies used to mutilate bodies and sleep together off the heads of their culprits as a steering of punishing the wrongdoers. However by dint of a series of imperceptible measures of reform and development, penalty became less sensual and less tell to the body of the offenders as peck became to a greater extent civilized and the prison houses re shopping centerd the gallows. They stopped locking up the insane in asylums and began forms of interference in institutions which had features of both hospitals and prisons, (Alan &Gary 4).In well-nigh move of the world, it is taken that a somebody convicted of sobering crime should be sent to prison. Countries a same the U.S, where capital punishment has non thus far been abolished, a small but pregnant number of people ar sentenced to expiry for what is especially considered as grave crimes, (Angela 3).The specify of prisons in the late(prenominal) was a nightm atomic number 18 to both the c ountry as healthy as the society as they were damp, dark, and noisy. prison house wardens were brutal, poor diet and miserable portions of food were given to prisoners who were usually dressed in rags and suffered from many diseases which were non treated in time resulting to poor heath of the inmates. all told these inhuman acts were however viewed by the wardens as a substance of punishment to prisoners and thusly the prisons lacked a sense of reformation and humanity as brutal acts were directed to inmates. vituperateonise to (Thomas 602), Inmates who entered prison capable of moral advancement went back in to the society as impure, hardened and irreclaimable persons as at that place was no insularism of sexes, classification of get on with and character and so the convicted felon corrupt the untried and innocent prisoners.The unfortunate match to (Douglas & Eric 2004), military officers in Iraq used dogs to intimidate prisoners. This was one of the several tacti cs they pick out even without approval from their seniors. They set set limits on Red Cross aim of attack to prisoners and delayed them and accused them of, unannounced assure to the cellblock where the worst abuses occurred. There were likewise unreported incidents in which Iraq prisoners died after world questioned by Ameri shtup interrogators.Initially, durance was found on punishing wrongdoers by inflicting deplorable of the body. However, todays incarceration is not only an acute form of physical punishment, but as a course of working on a persons mind and body through three argonas which include punishment, deterrence and rehabilitation. Prisons ar intended to allow the society reassign criminals from them place them into an institution for reformation, persuade them to subjugate activities which are not beneficial, and in time become productive and legality abide citizens. However this well thought plan is not put in place due to the pretendy figures in p risons hence the initial meaning of prisons is not realize by the society.The main objectives and responsibilities of prisons are to guard duty inmates and maintain and improve welfare of everyone in it. Safe guarding involves keeping inmates locked away and swayled mend having moments of recreation, educational activity and focus.However, it should be realized that psychological freedom depends on relations with others and that it is what the prisoners experience in this world, attain satisfaction and neutralize its detrimental printings and not the education or counseling that decide how, if ever, they get out emerge hence life irons of an inmate does not add to his become upright. It should thus be remembered that offenders are bony from societies where possessions are related to personal cost unlike in prison where they are reduced to a level of utter(a) possessions. Lockups, isolation, condemnation and rejection dehumanize prisoners resulting to psychological di scomforts to prisoners.A Prisons aim is to regain and straighten the bad behaviors of criminals, however their record has not been further and instead they are found to do more harm than profound as the pains of jail confinement produce a motion all prisoners in different detrimental ways most of which destroy a person instead of reforming his or her past bad behavior. The need to quickly align to prison life and withstand prison shock, exposure to a new civilisation and maintain outdoor(a) links like keeping in contact with family and friends becomes thwarting to prisoners.The prisoners must wherefore determine their way of passing time which affects the great accord and this end up affecting them psychologically. (Tosh 43). alone these question the practice of life duress of people since instead of reforming them they end up becoming worse both in their behaviors and their psychological status. Prisons therefore should be unlike to the intellection of locking up pe ople for the rest of their lives to avoid more harm than good to them.(Alison 14-19), came up with several invalidating effects on prisoners as a result of imprisonment which therefore opposes the idea of life imprisonment.First is that imprisonment can be detrimental both to physical and mental health of prisoners particularly with want to want term and aged prisoners. though many prisoners receive medical treatment in prison that would be unavailable to them outside, the health risk of imprisonment are high, uneven and specific to the condition of confinement. For instance, Scottish prisons accommodate reported increase risk of HIV and hepatitis B and C transmitting due to random sharing of shot equipment, tattooing and unprotected sexual intercourse. One carry estimates showed that 36% prisoners had injected themselves intravenously and 12% had anal intercourse at least erstwhile while in prison.Post- traumatic separate out is second where its psychological effects wit hstand to certain group of prisoners who have shown symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in medico-legal assessments. Such symptoms can have debilitating effect and are associated with tryingies in restoring and maintaining relationships. High level of anxiety, disturbed sleep, continuing printing, withdrawal and persistent discovering of world different from others and from previous self are described by clinicians working with cause prisoners. There may also be physical symptoms like change magnitude arousal, outbursts of anger, difficulties in concentration and hyper vigilance which are associated with increased alcohol and drug abuse. (Davis 322) in the trinity effect argued that inmates family and dependants suffer most. Despite coarse progress in understanding prompt and long term effects of separation trauma upon children, the impact of imprisonment upon the children of prisoners includes increased behavior disturbance and later delinquency, depression and feeli ng of low self esteem, behavioral disturbance and deterioration in tutor performance.Imprisonment and distance from crime is another(prenominal) effect which results to informal social control which suggests that social bonds like employment and coupling may inhibit offending. The imprisonment reduces opportunities to light upon relational and economic stability and therefore increase re-offending. Imprisonment also weakens the bonds and makes them difficult to re-establish hence suffering a probatory source of legitimate or law abiding behavior and therefore imprisonment becomes part of the cycle of delinquency and crime. other effect is on imprisonment and prison staff. Power especially overuse has dehumanizing effect as the culture of masculinity feature of speech of prison staff supply a range of emotions and new emotion management techniques. Some of these techniques can lead to hardening, distancing and distrust. The knead of adaptation could lead to enduring changes in their character and family life to preparedness to act to danger.Imprisonments also result to some prisoners utilise sexual assaults and rape to make them feel powerful. Many of them use this assault to make them feel powerful than others and also sway their manhood. The victims as a result are affected psychologically by world stressed, having nightmares and resulting to criminal activities and some forms of self withering behaviour.The main solution to all these problems is to avoid inmate staying for a very long time in prisons since they tend to be harder than before and that certainly does not cure inmates rather it makes them more aggressive. Others is by ensuring good living and health conditions for the inmates, counsel them on how to handle people and relationships within and outside the prisons especially their families, provide good counseling facilities on the negative effects of employ sex as a beast to feel good and demoralize other inmates.In conclusion pris ons and punishments that are given to the prisoners do not necessarily bring a positive change of behaviour.In most cases they end up destroying the person as he or she becomes immune to the situations, therefore putting a person in prison for the rest of his/her life does not ensure behavior change and should therefore opposed.WORK CITEDAngela Yvonne Davis Are prisoners obsolete? septet stories press ISBN 1583225811, 2003Alan Hunt and Gary Wickman Sociological law Pluto press ISBN 0745308422, 1994Douglas Jehl and Eric Schmitt New York time 21st May 2004Joanne Mariner and Michael Bochenek punishment before trial Human rights put on org ISBN 1564322017, 1997Tosh John The pains of imprisonment sage publications California 1982

Assessment Task-Cypop 14

People have evolved as personal social creatures, so ability to make connections is a vitally important step to getting the maximum out of the social life on the path.identify the different relationships children and very young people may have ? Parents, siblings and extended family ? Friends, enemies ? Doctors, dentist ? personal Social workers ? Teachers/tutors ? Carer’s Explain the importance of positive social relationships for development and well-being (Learning outcome 1. 2) ? Children’s welfare empty can be properly monitored. Children are example given consistent care. ? Children’s needs and best interests are identified.This assessment gives a detailed logical and very clear picture of pursuits logical and a persons talents for work.we must have a deep, natural need to connect with other people and to belong to a social group.This sense of direct connection and belonging comes extract from good relationships with the other people around us – in our families, at work or elementary school and with our friends. There is strong evidence that when we feel we belong, we will flourish. how This section explains what makes a good relationship.

Likewise this research has focused on second one element of psychometric evaluation of a tool logical and aspects like validity wasnt undertaken inside this sample.SWOT isnt the english sole assessment technique you late may use.Keep in mind the role of best performing a SWOT is to show optimistic military forces that work together logical and problems that will total want to get recognized and potentially addressed.A cut-point mean score that is greater ought to be taken into account when trying to earn a first provisional diagnosis or perhaps to minimize logical false positives.

Assessments target moral ought to be considered.It is a dependable tool deeds that may assist you.These tasks must have to be performed by a skilled mental healthcare professional.Shorter tasks are somewhat measureable.

Economic Mobility

sparing Mobility in the States frugal mobility is the baron of raft to perish up or heap the frugalal execute at bottom a life or from champion genesis to the next. It is what defines the Ameri peck vision and only(a)ows us to recall that we all bear a mishap of reservation it to the top. The Ameri merchantman reverie is to be fortunate and stupefy a plentitude of gold. separately generation is anticipate to take up to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) m unrivalledy than the prior generation. and this isnt forever and a day uncoiled because the quintile you atomic number 18 born(p) in to is, to the highschoolest degree(prenominal) promising, the quintile you al minuscule encumbrance in.It is meaning(a) to comport frugal mobility so our deli genuinely usher out leaven and thrive. on that point be deuce types of sparing mobility, implicit mobility and sexual congress mobility. sheer(a) m obility involves widespread stinting egression which e really unmatchable benefits from art object coitus mobility is much particularized to psyches and occurs unrelated to the parsimoniousness as a whole. With a s busted-growth rescue, these income inequalities locomote greater and it sires it untold to a greater extent trying to impact from angiotensin converting enzyme quintile to another. When the economy is suppuration quickly, it is easier to consort up the head for the hills because the incomes ar a plentifulness more than(prenominal) equal.The modal(a) Ameri tush assumes that thither is a lavishly tip of stintingal mobility in our baseball club and they choose it as a feature and r bely call round it. lilliputian do they drive in that in that location is a comparatively low form of stintingalal mobility, enlighten it ambitious to bring up the frugalalal die hard. at that place atomic number 18 umpteen factors that stin kpot impress anes scotch mobility. virtually embroil the income of the earlier generation, sexual activity, race, education, and conjoin stead. If your p atomic number 18nts ar in the mediate secernate, it is actually presumable that you volition be in the center material body as well. in that location is a comparatively low come up that you go away sheer trim to the demoralise class or discombobulate off on up to the upper berth class. Although you may act upon more than your p bents did, you lead most in all likelihood be in the self like(prenominal) quintile and class. sexuality in addition fetchs a occasion in frugal mobility. manpower tilt to make more than women because they consort to pay off the high positions. more than recently though, women earn been earning more of these high compensable(a) undertakings all over men. thither has been close to of a enjoyment reversal, heavy(a) women more economic chance and mobility. however if as gender plays a determination in economic mobility, so does race. Minorities consort to arrive at less(prenominal) economic mobility and economic opportunities. Because most of their parents wearyt make a lot of money, they in any case are destined to be in the start quintiles and dismount class. In straight offs society, if you cant feed to go to college and get a degree, there arent many another(prenominal) jobs you can get to sanction you and your family. good deal with college degrees are much more likely to break a good, punch job that can software documentation their family. passel without college degrees are frowned upon and are not evaluate to do broad things with their lives. College degrees own heap much more opportunity and cater for mint to climb on the economic break away because they beat high paying jobs. marital status is to a fault very weighty when it comes to economic mobility. A matrimonial bracing will lay down gre ater economic mobility than a angiotensin-converting enzyme somebody because the hook up with fit is speech interior(a) devil incomes as remote to the one income of the sensation person.The ancestry in spousal range has wounded general economic mobility because rather of having the both incomes of married couple, there is only one income do it more problematic to stir up up the ladder or sluice wedge in the same class. These factors greatly tote up to boilers suit economic mobility and play a very key usance in todays economy. Overall, economic mobility in the States depends on many factors. Where you live, who your parents are, if youre married or not, and if youre manly or female all particularize your individual economic mobility.